Showing posts with label Zoology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Zoology. Show all posts

04 February 2012

A bestiary (3)

Rising a hundred metres or so from pure arid desert, the mesa was a geological and ecological freak of nature and a perfect research base camp. Its tip was the end of a natural water pipe: an aquifer seam from the mountains to the south, water driven along it and then upwards by the weight of their much greater height. Further north, occasional oases marked the onward route of the subterranean flow. The spring which oozed out onto the mesa's slightly concave plateau was too meagre to support a human community but it managed to maintain a miniature subsistence ecology and associated microclimate. At the apex of the mesa's food chain came a tribe of cats. Not an exotic breed of wild cats, but recognisably the feral descendants of felis catus: the common house cat.

The calls on my time by the work I had come to do were regular but short; the gaps between them long. Inside my shelter, amongst and made from the threadbare scrub, or outside it when the sun was low, I had a lot of time in which to watch the cats. They were a matriarchal tribe, ruled subtly by a medium sized, inscrutably dignified female, black with a white flash between her eyes, whom I dubbed "QueenMum". The males did a lot of posturing and wailing but the females, except for the brief periods when they came into season, ran the world.

Highly socialised, the adults shared food and childcare; each individual tended to have a 'best friend', so a litter of kittens generally had four adults looking out for it. QueenMum's best friend was Missy, an elderly grey; the two of them spent much of their time sitting together on a mound, surveying QueenMum's domain. They vocalised extensively amongst themselves, and even more so to the kittens, with a complex repertoire of modulation – either they were using language, or the weeks of solitude affected me more than I realised.

The one exception to this civilised state of affairs was Thug, a small white female. She spent half of her time sulking and glowering at the edge of the community, and the other half picking on its other members. I never saw Thug catch any food of her own. On a good day she would saunter up and share someone else's kill; on a bad one she would launch in and simply take it for herself. Her assaults were of such psychotic intensity that she was never resisted.

Gary was the biggest member of the tribe, an enormous tigerstripe male. On a bright night, under a nearly full moon, I watched Gary haul the carcass of a lizard, larger than himself, up the side of the mesa. It took him several hours; a cat is designed for eating at the kill, not for carrying, but he had a litter to feed. The first hint of dawn was showing on the horizon beyond the distant highway when he finally wrestled his prize over the rim onto the plateau. As he dropped it, Thug appeared from the darkness in a storm of hissing, spitting and screeching. Gary, intimidated though perhaps ten times her body weight, backed off and she started to feed. Overcome by the unfairness of it, I stood up and went to shoo her away; she stood her ground, spitting fire at me, but gave way eventually when I pushed at her with a booted foot. "There you go," I said to Gary, shoving the lizard towards him; but he made no move, just sat and watched me. One by one, the rest of the tribe appeared; they sat in a circle, unblinking eyes glittering, staring at me. It was the first time I had ever interfered in their lives, and it was a mistake. I went back to my shelter, embarrassed. The lizard lay there, uneaten, ignored, gradually eroded over the days and weeks not by Gary or his offspring but by ants and bacteria.

When I first arrived on the mesa, lying low by day and building my bivouac, the cats and other wildlife were intensely curious about me. They came and watched me, sniffed the things that I had brought with me. After a while, though, having decided that I was nothing to do with them, they ignored me. They lived, loved, fought, bred, ate, died, without acknowledging my existence. Young kittens who sought to investigate me were called back with a throaty bubbling growl when they got closer than about two metres, but there was no other acknowledgment of my existence. Even when I went and sat amongst them, the kittens between my feet, they acted as if I were nonexistent. The affair of Gary, Thug and the lizard was a unique exception; so was Bastet.

Bastet was a young piebald female, of the same generation as Thug. She was a restless spirit, often hunting or prowling the perimeter while the others sat or slept or sunned themselves. Though she joined in with the life of the community, unlike the others she seemed to have no 'best friend'. Where they killed, shared the kill, then slept, Bastet would often trot into the group with a rodent in her jaws, drop it beside a litter of kittens, then disappear immediately to hunt again.

And, unlike the others, Bastet often visited me in the shelter. I would wake from sleeping through the heat of the day to find her also asleep, inches from my face; or awake, watching me. She investigated every item I had brought with me, vomiting copiously after sampling the can of lubricating oil. She looked in at me the wrong way through the telescope as I photographed, rushing round to cuff the camera each time it clicked. She prodded and sniffed with particular interest at the seismographs. She sampled my food; I had nothing to obviously interest an obligate carnivore, but she developed a surprising fondness for peanuts and for spiced fried lentils. She delivered her first litter of kittens in my sleeping bag while I was out, then moved them to my spare underwear leaving the bloody afterbirth behind for me to find later. Within a few days, she moved both kittens and underwear outside where she could tap into the community childcare network.

The other regular visitor to my shelter was Jerry, a small mouse of some species unknown to me. Like Bastet, he took whatever food was on offer and showed no fear; my supply of dried fruit and mixed grain muesli bought me hours of amusement at negligible cost. After a while, his fondness for currants dyed his nose and whiskers purple. Occasionally, Jerry and Bastet would be in the shelter at the same time; this made me nervous at first, but some kind of truce seemed to exist within my space. Outside, though he was too small to merit a deliberate hunt, Bastet would have eaten Jerry if he had crossed her path. Inside, they ignored each other.

In preparation for my departure from the mesa, my work completed, I methodically obliterated all signs of my stay: equipment and waste packed up, shelter dismantled and scattered, latrine pit not just filled in but planted over with scrub cuttings. Bastet sat and watched me, unblinking, as I went out all of this. On the final night, as I descended the western slope through the rushing wind to the waiting truck, Bastet trotted surefooted beside me. As we loaded my gear under the tarpaulin, she watched intently.

Before departure I signed a sheet confirming that the summit was clean of my presence, returned to the state in which I had found it, but in fact I had broken the rule in two small ways. Beneath the patch of scrub where my shelter no longer nestled, I had left one last meal of spiced fried lentils; and into Jerry's burrow I had poured a quantity of muesli and dried currants.

26 January 2012

A bestiary (2)

[by special request from Julie Heyward...]

In my early childhood, before either of my brothers, was a blue and green budgerigar called Toss.

My mother hated cages, so Toss could often be seen trilling from chair backs and picture rails or swooping between them. If I stayed motionless for long enough Toss would sometimes alight on my head, claws latching into hair. The sudden scratching at my scalp was alarming at first, but I soon got used to it.

Usually very fastidious about returning to his cage and conducting personal hygiene needs from the dowel perch onto his sandpaper floor, Toss made one mistake. On a parabolic transit from one picture rail to another, he whirred between us across the dinner table. My father sat, frozen with fork halfway to mouth, staring at the black and white puddle which had blossomed in his plate of stew.

Some years later, in Australia, I was agog with excitement. It was from here that Toss's ancestors had come; here, budgerigars flew wild! I roamed the countryside at the abrupt edge or our town, looking for them, without success. Eventually I discovered, to my disappointment, that here they were not in the brilliant colours of Toss; those I found in the wild wore a quieter camouflage livery, reminiscent of the European sparrow.

There were, however, plenty of other brilliantly coloured birds to compensate. Out in the bush they were everywhere: large, small, flying jewels. Parakeets, in particular, flaunted their riotous plumage openly across the bush. In a valley where we sometimes went to picnic at weekends, wild kilometres out into the bush, they filled the sky with their raucous chatter. One of this flock, obviously escaped from captivity back to the wild, repeatedly called in an unmistakable Yorkshire accent: “Eeeee ... who's a silly bugger?”

20 January 2012

A bestiary (1)

Olly the tawny owl was rescued by Karen, elder sister of my schoolfriend Dave when I was fourteen. Finding him unfledged and half dead on the road in daylight, she took him home and weaned him from milk to household scraps. By the time I met him, he was a young adult with an established place in the household.

Olly had, despite Karen's best educative efforts, never learnt to fly. The nearest he got to it was a frantic fluttering as he descended from his favourite perch atop the stairpost just inside the front door. Getting to this perch was a laborious matter of climbing first the stairs (gripping the carpet with claws and beak, falling back often), then an ottoman and the back of an upholstered chair on the landing. By this process he reached the top stairpost, from which a scrabbled slipsliding descent of the bannister led (barring frequent accidents) back down to the lower one. Watching this process, I understood how Robert the Bruce felt about his never-say-die spider. When Karen came into the house, Olly would fling himself off the post in a tumble of feathers. As long as she was at home, he would waddle about the house in faithful pursuit of her. When she left the house he started the long trek up the stairs and down the bannister, back to his perch.

Karen fed Olly on raw meat scraps. Since Olly had never learned how to stand on one claw and eat with the other, as owls are supposed to do, these scraps had to be placed at just below beak level; a modified shoe rack sat in the kitchen, for this purpose.

At some level, Olly knew that he was a bird. If Karen was in the downstairs living room during daylight hours he would scrabble his way up onto the window seat, then the sill. Through the window he watched the starlings pecking industriously at the lawn. On fine evenings the family took him out into the garden where he waddled about, taking the air and fluffing his wings. After a while, on these outings, he invariably stopped and examined the ground fixedly for several minutes. Then he tried to peck at it like a starling, fell on his face, couldn't get up, and had to be rescued.

02 October 2010

Just deserts

According to Richard Lederer’s unnamed student[1], deserts are defined by a climate "such that the inhabitants have to live elsewhere" and have to be "cultivated by irritation". Say the word desert to most people in the industrialised west, and they will visualise somewhere hot, sandy, and utterly devoid of any life except, possibly, Peter O’Toole and Omar Sharif striding (with or without camels) across photogenic dunes.

In the days when I was trying the patience of successive O-level geography teachers, we were given a more seductively precise and objective definition: annual mean rainfall of 250mm or less. That figure is still around, although it has generally been supplanted by more sophisticated relative concepts like relative moisture economy deficit (more water lost through evaporation and transpiration than is received in precipitation).

Generally speaking, the most widely used climatological classification systems go by distribution of vegetation, which both serves as an indicator of available water and decides the viability of other life. This approach naturally appeals to statistical data analytic bean counters like myself, though they do complicate matters by including temperature considerations. A desert, for my purposes here, is a region whose available water economy provides marginal (or nonexistent) support for life. It will usually be arid, but we won’t be too picky about semiaridity distinctions as many of the problems to be studied involve transition. It will often be megathermal, but not necessarily so.

Oceans cover about two thirds of the earth’s surface. Deserts account for roughly two thirds of what is left (and current trends, despite significant efforts at reversal, are towards net increase) so they are no small matter – either in themselves or in the computational challenges which they can present. It is not much of an exaggeration to say that only since the explosion of generally accessible scientific computing resources can they be realistically confronted at all. [More]


  1. Lederer, R., Anguished English : an anthology of accidental assaults upon our language. 1987, Charleston: Wyrick. 0941711048 (pbk.).

09 September 2010

Something new under the sun[less sea]

Most of us live full, productive, valuable lives, contributing to the world but without fundamentally changing it.

I certainly see myself in that way. My involvement in research has discovered new things, but they were things which filled in small crevices entirely within what was already known, confirming rather than challenging existing structures ... they might be surprising, if I was very lucky they might prompt me or others to think differently, but they didn't upset anything or break new ground. I take photographs which I am satisfied earn their place in the world, and some which people buy, but I haven't taken the arts by the ears and taken it in a new direction or invented a new way of seeing. Same for my writing. I'm very happy with that as an epitaph: he kept the garden growing, he helped to keep it free of weeds, he left it a little tidier and perhaps just an imperceptibly tiny bit more colourful than he found it.

The same is true of most people I know. I know and have known some extraordinary people, who have done extraordinary things and made huge differences to others; but none of them altered the way the world is believed to be. Or, so I thought this time yesterday. Just after midnight, in a quiet and undramatic sort of way, that changed.

Kyle Reynolds is the first named author on a paper whose abstract I was sent last night. Having read the abstract, I had to go and fetch the whole thing and read it through: New Molluscan Larval Form: Brooding and Development in a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod.

At this point, I should fess up: my claim to "know" Ms Reynolds is something of an exaggeration. In fact, the whole extent of our acquaintance is that we once exchanged elusive jazz CDs ... and by post, at that, not in person. No matter: the buzz is real.

If you have an interest in the biological sciences (you don't have to be a biologist; I'm certainly not), you will follow the link in my footnote below and realised how exciting it is. The illustration here, copied from the full article, shows the position (bp) of the brood pouch.

If not, then you may well have decided to stop reading by now ... I did try to develop an explanatory analogy, but it just sounded silly so I gave up; you'll just have to trust me: it is exciting, and will require that part of existing conventional zoological wisdom be revised. And have I mentioned that I once exchanged jazz CDs with the primary author?


  • Kyle C. Reynolds, et al., "New Molluscan Larval Form: Brooding and Development in a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod, Ifremeria nautilei (Provannidae)" in Biological Bulletin, 2010(219): p. 7. Abstract available from: http://www.biolbull.org/cgi/content/abstract/219/1/7